August 19, 2025
Among the big items in the news lately is the issue of gerrymandering. This is an activity in which both sides of the political spectrum indulge. What exactly is gerrymandering?
It is the practice of carefully drawing the lines of electoral districts to benefit the political party that is drawing them. Although it is done frequently, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 made it illegal. The Supreme Court has determined that it is an issue — a “political question” — that federal courts cannot resolve.
One of the most frequently cited examples of gerrymandering is that in Illinois, where both political parties have used it, but a recent Democrat-drawn map is regarded as one of the most effective efforts to benefit one party in the entire country.
There are two basic approaches to gerrymandering: “cracking” and “packing.”
Cracking is the art of dividing a large bloc of the opposition party’s voters, and splitting them up into several districts, thereby reducing their power in electing candidates.
Packing is the opposite. It concentrates as many as possible of the opposition party in one district, giving the opposition a large majority in that district, but at the same time making the other districts have a majority of voters for the party in charge of gerrymandering.
It involves drawing a district to include as many of the opposing party’s voters as possible. This concedes one “sacrificial” district to the opposition with an overwhelming majority, but makes all the surrounding districts safer for the party in power by removing hostile voters.
What does “gerrymandering” mean, and how did it get its name? For that information, we go to usconstitution.net, which offers the following explanation: “In 1812, Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry signed off on a new state senate district so bizarrely shaped that his opponents famously said it looked like a mythical salamander. A local newspaper cartoonist combined the two, and the “Gerry-mander” was born.
The website also commented, “For over 200 years, this dark art of political map-making – the practice of drawing electoral districts to give one party an unfair advantage – has been a persistent and controversial feature of American democracy.”
An article in the Center for American Progress in 2019 explained how the design of districts and other factors can create a disproportion in voter politics and election outcomes. In Maryland, Republicans received 37% of the votes for the House of Representatives, but only won 13% of the congressional seats. And, in North Carolina, Democrats received 48% of the vote but won only 26% of the seats.
Some recent examples of gerrymandering in action are that the following states have had the listed percentage of Republican voters, but none of that state’s congressional representatives: Massachusetts, 36%; Connecticut, 42%; Maine, 46%; New Mexico, 46%; New Hampshire, 48%; Rhode Island, 42%; Vermont, 32%; Hawaii, 36%; and Delaware, 42%.
• California - 38% Republicans, but only 9 of 52 (20.9%) representatives
• Illinois - 44% Republicans, but only 3 of 17 (17.6%) representatives
• New York - 43% Republicans, but only 7 of 26 (26.9%) representatives
• Maryland - 34% Republicans, but only 1 of 8 (12.5%) representatives
• New Jersey - 46% Republicans, but only 3 of 12 (25%) representatives
• Oregon - 41% Republicans, but only 1 of 6 (16.7%) representatives
Karl Rove is a Republican political consultant, policy advisor, lobbyist, and was Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff during the George W. Bush administration. He has an article on his website in which he addressed some specific state gerrymandering situations.
“Illinois, New York and California are already gerrymandered to Democrats’ benefit. Donald Trump received 44% of the Illinois vote in 2024, yet 82% of the state’s U.S. representatives are Democrats. The figures are 43% for Mr. Trump and 73% for Democratic congressmen in New York then 38% for Mr. Trump and 83% for Democrats in California.”
There is a lot of left/Democrat concern over the Texas redistricting effort. Rove had some comments about that, too.
“The numbers for Texas are far less lopsided. Mr. Trump received 56% of the 2024 vote, and 66% of the state’s House delegation — 25 of 38 members — is Republican. Now these low-down, dirty Texas Republicans think they can flip five seats through redistricting. That would make the Texas delegation 79% GOP. In other words, a delegation slightly more partisan than New York but somewhat less so than Illinois and California. That also assumes Republicans can beat Rep. Henry Cuellar, a popular albeit troubled Democrat incumbent in South Texas who ran 6 points ahead of Kamala Harris last year.”
“Yes, Texas Republicans are taking advantage of their state legislative majority to tilt things their direction. But the skew in Illinois, New York and California is no accident either. Earlier this decade, Democrats in each state tilted things in their favor (although in New York under some constraint from state courts).”
Rove further notes, however, that the Texas redistricting creates two black majority Congressional districts, and commented, “Isn’t that a goal of the Voting Rights Act?”
Obviously, honest, non-political political districts and numbers-based results are what we need. But two-party politics is alive and kicking.